Index
Kwans
The Korean martial arts schools (kwans) from which modern Taekwondo developed: the original five of the mid-1940s and four later kwans of the 1950s.
The original five kwans (mid-1940s)
- Chang Moo Kwan A kwan that grew from a YMCA Kwon Bup club started by Yun Byung-in in 1946 and was named by his senior student Lee Nam Suk.
- Chung Do Kwan One of the earliest kwans, founded by Lee Won-kuk in 1944; its students and leaders were central to early Taekwondo.
- Ji Do Kwan A kwan that began as a Kong Soo Do club at the Chosun Yun Moo Kwan in 1946 and was restarted as Ji Do Kwan after the Korean War.
- Moo Duk Kwan A kwan founded by Hwang Kee in 1945 that developed into Tang Soo Do and later Soo Bahk Do, and stayed independent of Taekwondo.
- Song Moo Kwan A kwan founded by Ro Byung-jick in Kaesong on 20 March 1944, among the first of the post-liberation Korean martial arts schools.
Later kwans (1950s)
- Han Moo Kwan A Seoul kwan founded by Lee Kyo-yoon in the mid-1950s, descended from the Chosun Yun Moo Kwan and counted by most histories as an annex of the Ji Do Kwan.
- Jung Do Kwan A Seoul kwan founded in the mid-1950s by Lee Yong-woo, a former Chung Do Kwan student, and counted as an annex of the Chung Do Kwan.
- Kang Duk Won A Seoul kwan founded in the 1950s by Hong Jong-pyo and Park Chul-hee, former members of the YMCA Kwon Bup Bu linked to the Chang Moo Kwan.
- Oh Do Kwan A kwan co-founded by Choi Hong-hi and Nam Tae-hi in the mid-1950s, closely tied to the origins of the ITF.